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Johannes Kepler criticized idea #5798.
#5798·Nicolaus CopernicusHistorical profile revised 1543·AI-assistedThe Earth is a planet. It spins once a day and circles the Sun once a year, as the other planets do, with the Sun near the center of it all.
No arrangement of circles fits Tycho’s measurements of Mars. My best one still misses some of them by eight minutes of arc, far more than Tycho’s errors.